Emacs 简易教程

• C-n : 下一行
• C-p : 上一行
• C-f : 前进一个字符
• C-b : 后退一个字符
• M-f : 前进一个单词
• M-b : 后退一个单词
• C-v : 向下翻页
• M-v : 向上翻页
• C-l : 光标所在行移动到屏幕中央
• C-a : 行首
• C-e : 行尾
• M-a : 句首
• M-e : 句尾
• M-{ : 段首
• M-} : 段尾
• M-< : 文件首
• M-> : 文件尾

• <Backspace> : 向前删除一个字符
• C-d <DEL> : 向后删除一个字符，我一般用 C-d
• M-d M-<DEL> : 向后删除一个单词
• C-k : 删除光标到行尾，删除一行用 C-a, C-k (Vim 中的 dd)。
• M-k : 删除光标到句尾
• C-@ : 标记(Mark set), 标记之后配合光标移动快捷键，可以选中一个区域
• M-w : 复制
• C-w : 剪切
• C-y : 粘贴
• C-/ : 撤销(UNDO)

大小写转换:

• M-l: Convert following word to lower case (downcase-word).
• M-u: Convert following word to upper case (upcase-word).
• M-c: Capitalize the following word (capital-word).
• C-x C-l: Convert region to lower case (downcase-region).
• C-x C-u: Convert region to upper case (upcase-region).

块操作:

• C-x r k: Kill the text of the region-rectangle, saving its contents as the "last killed rectangle" (kill-rectangle).
• C-x r M-w: Save the text of the region-rectangle as the "last killed rectangle" (copy-rectangle-as-kill).
• C-x r d: Delete the text of the region-rectangle (delete-rectangle).
• C-x r y: Yank the last killed rectangle with its upper left corner at point (yank-rectangle).
• C-x r o: Insert blank space to fill the space of the region-rectangle (open-rectangle). This pushes the previous contents of the region-rectangle to the right.
• C-x r N: Insert line numbers along the left edge of the region-rectangle (rectangle-number-lines). This pushes the previous contents of the region-rectangle to the right.
• C-x r c: Clear the region-rectangle by replacing all of its contents with spaces (clear-rectangle).
• M-x delete-whitespace-rectangle: Delete whitespace in each of the lines on the specified rectangle, starting from the left edge column of the rectangle.
• C-x r t string <RET>: Replace rectangle contents with string on each line (string-rectangle).
• M-x string-insert-rectangle <RET> string <RET>: Insert string on each line of the rectangle.

删除空白字符(Deleting whitespace):

• M-\\ : 删除光标周围的空格和 tab。
• M-<SPC> : 删除光标周围的空格和 tab，但是保留一个。
• C-x C-o : 删除周围行附近的空行。
• M-^ : Join two lines by deleting the intervening newline, along with any indentation following it. With a prefix (C-u M-^) it joins the current with the next line.

选中:

• M-h : Move point to the beginning of the current paragraph, and set mark at the end.
• C-M-h : Move point to the beginning of the current defun, and set mark at the end.
• C-x h : Move point to the beginning of the buffer, and set mark at the end.
• C-x SPC : Makes a rectangular region (new in Emacs 24.4).

• C-s : 向前搜索
• C-r : 向后操作
• C-g : 回到搜索开始前的位置
• M-% : 询问并替换
• M-s . : 当前单词搜索。

Emacs 可以打开很多文件，一个文件可以理解成一个 buffer，你可以在多个文件中来回切换。

• C-x f : 打开一个文件 -> find-file
• C-x s : 保存
• C-x C-w : 另存为
• C-x C-v : 关闭当前缓冲区，并打开新文件
• C-x C-b : 打开缓冲区列表
• C-x b : 切回最近的 buffer -> switch-to-buffer
• C-x k : 关闭当前缓冲区
• C-x C-b, d, x: 关闭用 d 标记 buffer
• M-x find-file-at-point , M-x ffap
• C-x 5 0 : delete-frame

• C-x 1 : 只保留当前窗口
• C-x 2 : 水平切分
• C-x 3 : 垂直切分
• C-x o : 切换到另外一个窗口
• C-x 0 : 关闭当前窗口(并不是删除buffer)
• C-x 4 C-f : 在另外一个窗口打开文件 -> find-file-other-window

• M-x man :
• M-x info : 所有的 Emacs 手册

• M-; : 块注释
• C-M-h : 选中一个函数

• M-x dired : 打开一个目录

• C-x r m : 设置一个书签 -> bookmark-set
• C-x r b : 跳转到一个书签 -> bookmark-jump
• C-x r l : 显示所有书签列表, 管理书签的方式和 Direcd 模式一样
  • RET : 打开一个书签
  • p: 前一个书签
  • n: 后一个书签
  • s : 保存当前书签到一个文件中
  • o : 在另外一个窗口中打开文件
  • r : 重命名书签
  • d : 标记要删除的书签
  • x : 执行删除动作
  • u : 撤销标记

把所有的搜索结果都列到一个名为 *Occur* buffer 中。使用 M-s o 调用 occur 函数，搜索当前文档。

• M-g n : 下一个匹配项
• M-g p : 上一个匹配项
• e : 进入 =occur-edit-mode=，可以编辑搜索结果
• C-c C-c : 退出编辑模式
• g : 刷新搜索结果

• C-x d : 选个一个目录，在当前窗口打开
• C-x 4 d : 选一个目录，在另外一个目录打开
• i : 打开子目录

• c-x v + , M-x vc-update : 更新文件
• C-x v v , M-x vc-next-action : 提交当前文件
• C-x v = , M-x vc-diff
• C-x v ~ , M-x vc-revision-other-window: 显示指定版本
• C-x v l , M-x vc-print-log : 查看日志
• C-x v u , M-x vc-revert
• C-x v C-h : 查看所有可用的 vc 命令

自动换行: (global-visual-line-mode 1)

行号宽度定制:

(setq linum-format "%3d|")
;;(global-linum-mode 1)

默认情况下，不显示行号，需要的时候，=M-x linum-mode=。

代码参考线: fill-column-indicator

(require 'fill-column-indicator)
(setq fci-rule-color "#D15FEE")
(setq fci-rule-column 80)
(define-globalized-minor-mode
  global-fci-mode fci-mode (lambda () (fci-mode 1)))
;;(global-fci-mode 1)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-|") 'global-fci-mode)

默认不显示，快捷键绑定到 =M-|=，随时切换。

主题: ample-theme。

使用 helm, 最牛逼的 Emacs 插件之一:

(require 'helm)
(require 'helm-config)
(require 'helm-eshell)

(add-hook 'eshell-mode-hook
          #'(lambda ()
              (define-key eshell-mode-map (kbd "C-c C-l")  'helm-eshell-history)))

(global-set-key (kbd "C-c h") 'helm-command-prefix)
(define-key helm-map (kbd "<tab>") 'helm-execute-persistent-action)
(define-key helm-map (kbd "C-i") 'helm-execute-persistent-action)
(define-key helm-map (kbd "C-z") 'helm-select-action)

(when (executable-find "curl")
  (setq helm-google-suggest-use-curl-p t))

(setq helm-split-window-in-side-p           t
      helm-move-to-line-cycle-in-source     t
      helm-ff-search-library-in-sexp        t
      helm-scroll-amount                    8
      helm-ff-file-name-history-use-recentf t
      )

(global-set-key (kbd "M-x") 'helm-M-x)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-y") 'helm-show-kill-ring)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x b") 'helm-mini)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-y") 'helm-show-kill-ring)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c h o") 'helm-occur)
(setq helm-M-x-fuzzy-match t)
;;(helm-autoresize-mode 1)
(helm-mode 1)

比较详细的一篇文档，A Package in a league of its own: Helm，这里不再赘述了，简单演示一下几个常用的功能(其实 helm 的功能都很常用):

Buffer 切换(windows-numbering.el):

;; 使用 M-(1,2,3...9)窗口切换
(require 'window-numbering)
(setq window-numbering-assign-func
      (lambda () (when (equal (buffer-name) "*Calculator*") 9)))
(window-numbering-mode 1)

相同符号高亮(highlight-symbol.el):

(require 'highlight-symbol)
(global-set-key (kbd "M--") 'highlight-symbol-at-point)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-n") 'highlight-symbol-next)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-p") 'highlight-symbol-prev)

自动补全(auto-complete & yasnippet):

(require 'popup)

(require 'auto-complete)
(require 'auto-complete-config)
(add-to-list 'ac-dictionary-directories
             "~/.emacs.d/auto-complete/dict")
(ac-config-default)
(setq ac-use-quick-help nil)
(setq ac-use-menu-map t)
(define-key ac-menu-map "\C-n" 'ac-next)
(define-key ac-menu-map "\C-p" 'ac-previous)
(global-set-key "\M-/" 'auto-complete)
(add-to-list 'ac-modes 'protobuf-mode)

(require 'yasnippet)
;;(yas-global-mode 1)

C/C++ 头文件自动补全(auto-complate-c-headers):

(defun my:ac-c-headers-init ()
  (require 'auto-complete-c-headers)
  (add-to-list 'ac-sources 'ac-source-c-headers)
  (add-to-list 'achead:include-directories '"/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7")
  (add-to-list 'achead:include-directories '"/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/x86_64-redhat-linux")
  (add-to-list 'achead:include-directories '"/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/backward")
  (add-to-list 'achead:include-directories '"/usr/local/include")
  (add-to-list 'achead:include-directories '"/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/include")
  (add-to-list 'achead:include-directories '"/usr/include"))

(add-hook 'c++-mode-hook 'my:ac-c-headers-init)
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my:ac-c-headers-init)

区域标记(expand-region)，Emacs 这下牛逼了，我给绑定了一些快捷键:

(require 'expand-region)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-m") 'er/expand-region)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s s") 'er/mark-symbol)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s p") 'er/mark-outside-pairs)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s P") 'er/mark-inside-pairs)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s q") 'er/mark-outside-quotes)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s Q") 'er/mark-inside-quotes)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s m") 'er/mark-comment)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-s f") 'er/mark-defun)

Markdown: markdown-mode

(autoload 'markdown-mode "~/.emacs.d/lisp/markdown-mode/markdown-mode.el"
  "Major mode for editing Markdown files" t)
(setq auto-mode-alist
      (cons '("\\.md" . markdown-mode) auto-mode-alist))
(setq auto-mode-alist
      (cons '("\\.markdown" . markdown-mode) auto-mode-alist))

Python: python-mode

(require 'python-mode)

Google Protobuf Buffer: protobuf-mode

(require 'protobuf-mode)
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.proto$" . protobuf-mode))

lua: lua-mode

(autoload 'lua-mode "lua-mode" "lua editing mode. " t)
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.lua$" . lua-mode))
(add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("lua" . lua-mode))

web-mode:

(require 'web-mode)
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.html?\\'" . web-mode))

;; 编译与调试
(global-set-key [(f5)] 'compile)

(require 'xcscope)
(cscope-setup)

(global-set-key [(f9)] 'ff-find-other-file)

(setq tab-stop-list ())
(loop for x downfrom 40 to 1 do
      (setq tab-stop-list (cons (* x 4) tab-stop-list)))

(defconst my-c-style
  '(
    (c-tab-always-indent        . t)
    (c-hanging-braces-alist     . ((substatement-open after)
                                   (brace-list-open)))
    (c-hanging-colons-alist     . ((member-init-intro before)
                                   (inher-intro)'
                                   (label after)
                                   (acecss-label after)))
    (c-cleanup-list             . (scope-operator
                                   empty-defun-braces
                                   defun-close-semi))
    (c-offsets-alist            . ((arglist-close . c-lineup-arglist)
                                   (case-label . 4)
                                   (substatement-open . 0)
                                   (block-open        . 0)
                                   (knr-argdecl-intro . -)
                                   (innamespace . -)
                                   (inline-open . 0)
                                   (inher-cont . c-lineup-multi-inher)
                                   (arglist-cont-nonempty . +)
                                   (template-args-cont . + )))
    (c-echo-syntactic-information-p . t)
    )
  "My C Programming Style")

;; offset customizations not in my-c-style
(setq c-offsets-alist '((member-init-intro . ++)))

;; Customizations for all modes in CC Mode.
(defun my-c-mode-common-hook ()
  ;; add my personal style and set it for the current buffer
  (c-add-style "PERSONAL" my-c-style t)
  ;; other customizations
  (setq tab-width 4
        indent-tabs-mode nil)
  ;; we like auto-newline and hungry-delete
  ;; (c-toggle-auto-hungry-state 1)
  ;; key bindings for all supported languages.  We can put these in
  ;; c-mode-base-map because c-mode-map, c++-mode-map, objc-mode-map,
  ;; java-mode-map, idl-mode-map, and pike-mode-map inherit from it.
  )
(add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook 'my-c-mode-common-hook)
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'hs-minor-mode)

(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.h\\'" . c++-mode))

;; http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14668744/emacs-indent-for-c-class-method
(defun vlad-cc-style()
  (c-set-offset 'inline-open '0)
  )
(add-hook 'c++-mode-hook 'vlad-cc-style)

xcscope.el 使用:

• cscope-indexer -r : 在根目录下递归生成数据库
• C-c s a : Set initial directory;
• C-c s A : Unset initial directory;
• C-c s I : create list of files to index;
• C-c s s : Find symbol;
• C-c s d : Find global definition;
• C-c s c : Find functions calling a function;
• C-c s C : Find called functions (list functions called from a function);
• C-c s t : Find text string;
• C-c s e : Find egrep pattern;
• C-c s f : Find a file;
• C-c s i : Find files #including a file;
• C-c s b : Display cscope buffer;

etags 使用:

搭配 find 来生成 tags:

find . -name '*.c' -o -name '*.cpp' -o -name '*.h' -print | etags -

• M-x visit-tags-table <RET> FILE <RET> : 选择tags文件
• M-. [TAG] <RET> : 访问标签
• M-* : 返回
• C-u M-. : 寻找标签的下一个定义

F5 编译:

• C-x : 下一个编译错误。
• M-g p : 上一个编译错误。
• g : 重新编译

其它：

• F9 : 在头文件和对应源文件之间跳转: (global-set-key [(f9)] 'ff-find-other-file)